A standard? A calibration reference?
The bandgap reference circuit, to predict its voltage, one must know all about solid-state electronics and crystal analysis, ALL THE WAY DOWN TO CHOICE OF CONSTANTS to be able to predict the absolute voltage of the bandgap reference with precision.
How far can one take this?
Voltage reference standards are a completely different animal, however, to push a cheap silicon process to it's limits, using a trim process, one can approximate a voltage reference to at least some tolerance over a temperature range. Maybe get a few digits of precision untrimmed raw. The bandgap is a medium precision circuit. Other techniques are used for real precision standards, like Josephson voltage standard. Better than 9 digits of agreement* accuracy. (rough skimming analysis of state of art, not meant to be comprehensive)
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| By EE483597 at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=92399372 |
Nothing unusual here, until one attempts to get even more accuracy...
Solid-State physics gave birth to the Higgs Bozon idea.
Real physicists call Solid-State Physics "Squalid State", because they know it is an approximation.
So then one understands why such simple things puzzle the modern MAINSTREAM high energy particle physics, if their BIG BOZON, The God Particle, The Higgs, was born from this theory.
It's not because their work is poor, it's because they skipped the basics, and missed some very important things. Then one goes searching for ghosts, ghostbusting, when firing up LHC.
It's kinda funny the ruse has lasted this long. Clown ops, like the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, come to an end, sometimes gloriously.
the circus performed its final show on May 21, 2017, at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum and closed after 146 years.[1]
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* defining absolutely requires a reference, and some choices.
The Surfer, OM-IV
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