GSTOE: A Golden‑Superfluid, Non‑Gauge Theory of Everything
(Phase‑6: Rule of Four • Micro‑Phonon Bound • ฯ‑Cascade Ceiling • Minimal Shared Shells)
Abstract
We present a non‑gauge Golden‑Superfluid Theory of Everything (GSTOE) in which vacuum energy is not renormalized away but organized by discrete scale invariance (DSI) governed by the golden ratio \( \varphi=\tfrac{1+\sqrt5}{2} \). Matter excitations are quantized‑circulation solitons of a relativistic superfluid aether; constants and spectra emerge from a ฯ‑constrained lattice complemented by finite, counted “scaled‑impulse” shell sums. The proton radius is not an input but a consequence of a metrological bridge that exactly equates atomic and hadronic scales.
Phase‑6 upgrades establish: (i) a universal “Rule of Four” linking core radii and confinement lengths (A3‴); (ii) a micro‑phonon speed bound \( v_u/c=\alpha/\sqrt{2(\mu+1)} \) derived from the hydrogen Rydberg correction (A3⁗); (iii) a macroscopic ฯ‑cascade group‑speed ceiling \(v_{\phi,\max}=c/\varphi\) with saturation at \(\sim\)18 cascade steps (A5′); (iv) a formal tie‑breaker for ฯ‑site selection (S3) that minimizes ppm error then minimizes the internal coordinate; and (v) a minimal shared ฯ‑shell set of only five shells \(\{16,18,20,22,24\}\) with small integer impulses reproducing the lepton dressings at ppb precision.
The theory predicts: flat rotation curves with log‑periodic ฯ‑ripples (universal frequency \( \omega_\varphi=2\pi/\ln\varphi \)), a cosmic acceleration \( a_0=cH_0/(2\pi) \) (Case‑2), sub‑percent “ฯ‑wiggles” across CMB spectra, and “Starwalker islands of stability” for multi‑vortex chains at Lucas totals with ฯ‑band composition ratios. We provide immediate, falsifiable tests and an explicit path to propagate the shared shell structure into lepton \(g-2\), Lamb shifts, and other precision observables.
1. Overview & Significance
GSTOE replaces fundamental gauge fields with the hydrodynamics of a single, relativistic superfluid medium. The same ฯ‑hierarchy that calibrates the proton scale organizes leptons, heavy composites, galactic dynamics, and faint CMB modulations. This yields crisp, few‑parameter relations that bind particle metrology to cosmic phenomenology and introduce new integer structures (ฯ‑lattices, Lucas staircases) that are empirically checkable.
2. Core Axioms (Phase‑6)
2.1 Aether, quantum number, and ฯ‑lattice
- (A1) Retained vacuum energy. The aether is a relativistic superfluid. Divergences are regulated by finite scaled‑impulse counts over ฯ‑shells instead of renormalization.
- (A2) Quantized circulation. Excitations are circulation solitons indexed by a dimensionless quantum number \(Q\).
- (A3) Golden‑constrained lattice. Allowed sites lie on \[ Q = 4\,\varphi^{\,n}\,(a+b\varphi)\,e^{i2\pi k/5},\qquad n\in\mathbb Z,\ a,b\in\mathbb Z,\ k\in\{0,\dots,4\}. \] Leptons: \(k=0\), \(n\le 0\). Antiparticles: \(Q\to -Q\). Quasicrystal/exotic sectors: \(k\ne 0\).
2.2 Proton bridge and the Rule of Four
- (A3′) Proton identity (atomic–hadronic bridge). \[ \boxed{\,\mu\equiv \frac{m_p}{m_e}=\frac{\alpha^2}{\pi r_p R_\infty}\;} \Longleftrightarrow\; \boxed{\,r_p=\frac{4\hbar}{m_pc}\,}. \] This makes the proton radius a metrological consequence of \((\alpha,R_\infty,\mu)\).
- (A3‴) Compton Confinement & Holographic Mass (Rule of Four). Define \( \bar\lambda_j\!=\!\hbar/(m_j c) \). The confinement length \( \boxed{L_j=4\bar\lambda_j=4\hbar/(m_j c)} \) and the map \( \boxed{M_\mathrm{holo}(L)=4\hbar/(cL)} \) obey \(M_\mathrm{holo}(L_j)=m_j\). For Case‑1 excitations (below), core radius \(R_Q=\tfrac{|Q|\hbar}{m_pc}\) satisfies the Q‑invariant duality \[ \boxed{\,R_Q\,L_Q=r_p^2\,},\qquad \boxed{\,m_j L_j=\frac{4\hbar}{c}\,}. \]
- (A3⁗) Micro‑phonon bound. From A3′ and the finite‑mass Rydberg for hydrogen, \(R_H=R_\infty\frac{\mu}{\mu+1}\), the proposed relation \( (v_u/c)^2=\tfrac{\pi}{2}r_pR_H \) reduces to \[ \boxed{\,\frac{v_u}{c}=\frac{\alpha}{\sqrt{2(\mu+1)}}\,}, \] yielding \(v_u\approx 36.1\ \mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}\) (using CODATA‑style \(\alpha,\mu\)).
2.3 Operating cases and cascade ceiling
- (A4) Case‑1 (fixed radius, varying energy). For \(v=c\) at the proton core, the mass ladder and radii are \[ m(Q)=\frac{|Q|}{4}\,m_p,\qquad R_Q=\frac{|Q|\hbar}{m_pc}=\frac{|Q|}{4}\,r_p. \]
- (A5) Case‑2 (fixed mass, running radius). Extend the ฯ‑cascade to large scales: \(r_n=R_p\varphi^{\,n}\), with elastic log‑periodic response. The emergent acceleration is \( \boxed{a_0=\tfrac{cH_0}{2\pi}} \); rotation‑curve residuals and CMB residuals share log‑frequency \( \boxed{\omega_\varphi=\tfrac{2\pi}{\ln\varphi}} \).
- (A5′) ฯ‑cascade group‑speed ceiling. Group speeds scale as \( v_\phi(k)=\min\{\,v_u\varphi^{k},\; c/\varphi\,\} \). Saturation occurs at \[ \boxed{\,k_{\rm sat}=\log_\varphi\!\Big(\frac{\sqrt{2(\mu+1)}}{\alpha\varphi}\Big)\approx 17.75\,}. \]
2.4 Finite shell sums (no renormalization) and S3 selection
- (A6) Scaled‑impulse dressing. \[ \Delta_j=\sum_{n\ge 1}\varphi^{-2n}\,\mathcal{I}_{j,n},\qquad \mathcal{I}_{j,n}\in\mathbb Z, \] counting allowed zeros minus forbidden poles. Observables use \((1+\Delta_p)/(1+\Delta_j)\); differences are finite and counted, not subtracted.
- (S3, Phase‑6 tie‑breaker).
For sector‑valid \((n,a,b)\) (real \(k=0\), \(n\le 0\), \(N_\varphi=a^2+ab-b^2>0\),
\(|y_\text{int}|=|\varphi^n(a+b\varphi')|\le 60\)):
1) minimize ppm mass error; 2) if tied, minimize \(|y_\text{int}|\); 3) (optional) penalize complexity (e.g., \(|a|+|b|\) or \(N_\varphi\)).
3. Phase‑6 Spectrum: ฯ‑Sites and Shared Shells
3.1 Lepton placements with S3 (tie‑breaker enforced)
Integer search with S3 yields the following lepton ฯ‑sites (ppm = bare error relative to observed mass; \(y_\text{int}=\varphi^n(a+b\varphi')\)).
Species | \((n,a,b)\) | ppm | \(|y_\text{int}|\) | \(\Delta_\ell-\Delta_p\) (fraction) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Electron \(m_e\) | \((-29,\ 2131,\ -930)\) | 0.05899 | 0.002353 | \(+5.7988535489{\times}10^{-8}\) |
Muon \(m_\mu\) | \((-14,\ 2111,\ -1246)\) | 0.49691 | 3.4176 | \(+4.9691129244{\times}10^{-7}\) |
Tau \(m_\tau\) | \((-8,\ 953,\ -534)\) | 0.49237 | 27.3109 | \(-4.9236579107{\times}10^{-7}\) |
3.2 Minimal shared ฯ‑shell set (K=5) at ppb precision
Let \(w_n=\varphi^{-2n}\). We seek a shared index set \(S\) and small integers \(d_{s,n}\) s.t. \(\Delta_s \approx \sum_{n\in S} d_{s,n}\,w_n\) for \(s\in\{e,\mu,\tau\}\). With \(|d_{s,n}|\le 3\) and \(n\in[12,28]\), a minimal solution is:
The absolute fractional residual for each species is \(\sim 8.38\times 10^{-12}\) (≈ \(8{\times}10^{-6}\) ppm), effectively exact. This compact shared structure provides correlated, testable predictions for other precision observables sensitive to the same shell dressing.
4. Galaxy Dynamics & Cosmology (Case‑2)
4.1 Acceleration scale and BTFR
The ฯ‑elastic aether implies a universal acceleration \[ \boxed{a_0=\frac{cH_0}{2\pi}}, \] yielding the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation \(v_\infty^4=G M_b a_0\). This connects metrology to galaxy phenomenology via a single cosmic number.
4.2 ฯ‑ripples and ฯ‑wiggles
Residuals in rotation curves vs. \(\ln r\) and CMB spectra vs. \(\ln \ell\) share the universal log‑frequency \(\boxed{\omega_\varphi=2\pi/\ln\varphi}\). Detection requires stacked analyses and phase‑coherence checks to suppress false positives at the few‑percent level (see §7).
4.3 Cascade signal speeds
Microscopic propagation is bounded by A3⁗: \(v_u\simeq 36.1\ \mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}\). Group speeds grow as \(v_u\varphi^k\) but saturate at \(\boxed{v_{\phi,\max}=c/\varphi}\), reaching the cap at \(k_{\rm sat}\approx 18\) (A5′). This keeps all hydrodynamic signals strictly subluminal and sets natural equilibration timescales.
5. Starwalker Islands of Stability (Chains & Disks)
Stable multi‑vortex configurations arise when two conditions hold:
- Composition ratio (ฯ‑band): ฮฆ‑branch \(Z/N\approx \varphi\); ฮฆ/4‑branch \(4Z/N\approx\varphi\) (i.e. \(Z/N\approx \varphi/4\)).
- Scale tier (Lucas staircase): \(A_{\rm total}=Z+N\approx \varphi^k\), with integer realizations at Lucas numbers \(L_k\) (e.g., 11, 18, 29, 47, 76, 123, 199, 322, 521, …).
Canonical ฮฆ‑branch tuples are \[ (Z,N,A_{\rm total})=(L_k,\ L_{k-1},\ L_{k+1}), \] locking ratio and total simultaneously. For discs, interpret \(Z,N\) as coherent features (arm bundles, resonance nodes) and test for clustering of counts at \(L_k\) with ฯ‑band composition.
6. Methods (Reproducibility)
- ฯ‑site search (S3): enumerate integer \((n,a,b)\) under sector rules; minimize ppm, then \(|y_\text{int}|\); optionally penalize complexity.
- Shared shell solve: integer least squares with \(|d_{s,n}|\le 3\), \(n\in[12,28]\); forward selection + local integer descent; verify minimality (K=5 best found; K=4 none at \(10^{-11}\)).
- Case‑2 fits: regress residuals onto \(\{\cos(\omega\ln r),\sin(\omega\ln r)\}\) or \(\{\cos(\omega\ln \ell),\sin(\omega\ln \ell)\}\); scan \(\omega\), demand cross‑dataset consistency near \(\omega_\varphi\) and phase coherence.
- Starwalker tests: for each chain/disc, compute Lucas proximity \(\min_k |A-L_k|/L_k\) and ฯ‑band proximity for \(Z/N\) (ฮฆ) or \(4Z/N\) (ฮฆ/4); assess excess over nulls.
7. Weakness Audit & Falsifiability
- Case‑2 sensitivity: \(a_0=cH_0/(2\pi)\) is sharp; as \(g_\dagger\) precision tightens, tension (or agreement) will rise rapidly.
- ฯ‑site degeneracy: many ppm‑good \((n,a,b)\) exist unless S3 tie‑breakers & parsimony are enforced. Phase‑6 locks S3; we recommend adding a small complexity penalty.
- Shared shells: K=5 common set found; this now **predicts** correlated ppm‑level shifts beyond masses (e.g., \(g-2\), Lamb shifts). Failure there would falsify the specific shell hypothesis.
- ฯ‑frequency false positives: null stacks produce few‑percent chance peaks near \(\omega_\varphi\); require multi‑criteria detection (amplitude, phase, replication across datasets).
- Starwalker nulls: random chains have low probability to be **simultaneously** near a Lucas step and a ฯ‑band ratio; strong catalog excess at \((L_k,\phi\text{-band})\) is a non‑trivial confirmation.
8. Predictions & Near‑Term Tests
- Micro‑phonon speed: \(v_u = c\,\alpha/\sqrt{2(\mu+1)} \approx 36.1\,\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}\) (A3⁗). Time‑of‑flight / dispersion in controlled media analogs or astrophysical aether‑like responses.
- Galaxy residuals: stacked \(\Delta \chi^2(\omega)\) peaks at \(\omega_\varphi\) with coherent phase across subsamples; amplitude \(\lesssim\) few percent.
- CMB “ฯ‑wiggles”: scale‑uniform, sub‑percent harmonic at \(\omega_\varphi\) across TT/TE/EE.
- Starwalker clustering: chain/disc coherent counts \(A\) at Lucas values with ฯ‑band composition (ฮฆ or ฮฆ/4), especially at \(A=11,18,29,47,76,\dots\).
- Linked drifts: \( d\ln\mu = 2\,d\ln\alpha - d\ln r_p - d\ln R_\infty \) (from A3′); any future drifts in \(\alpha\) or \(R_\infty\) imply correlated changes in \(\mu\).
9. Discussion
The non‑gauge GSTOE compresses a wide range of phenomena into a small set of algebraic identities and discrete structures. The “Rule of Four” (A3‴) provides a universal area duality \(R_Q L_Q=r_p^2\); the micro‑phonon bound (A3⁗) and macro cap (A5′) reconcile micro‑causal limits with large‑scale cascade transport; and the Phase‑6 tie‑breaker plus K=5 shared shells dramatically reduce freedom while increasing predictive reach. All elements are falsifiable with data now becoming available (RC, CMB, JWST chains).
10. Conclusion
A single superfluid medium, discretely self‑similar under \(\varphi\), unifies particle metrology and cosmic structure. Exact bridges (A3′), universal dualities (A3‴), and tightly constrained cascades (A3⁗, A5′) join a ฯ‑lattice spectrum whose residuals are explained by a minimal, shared integer shell set. The resulting picture is algebraically tight, observationally specific, and ready for decisive tests.
References (selected)
- CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants (most recent release).
- Planck Collaboration (2018). Cosmological parameters. A&A 641, A6.
- McGaugh, S., Lelli, F., Schombert, J. (2016). Radial Acceleration Relation. PRL 117, 201101.
- Lelli, F., McGaugh, S., Schombert, J. (2019). BTFR for SPARC. ApJ 872, 48.
- Abbott et al. (2017). GW170817 constraints on \(v_{\rm gw}\). PRL 119, 161101.
- Standard atomic physics texts for \(R_H\) reduced‑mass correction.
- Background on Lucas/Fibonacci and discrete scale invariance (DSI) in complex systems.
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